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国和网校职称英语综合类基础班——第十三讲

作者:高苗     文章来源:互联网    发布时间:2013-01-16    查看:

  


  


  语气 (mood)

  一、 语气及其种类

  语气(mood)语气是一种动词形式,表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

  1.直陈语气 (indicative mood)

  2. 祈使语气 (imperative mood)

  3. 虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood)

  1. 直陈语气(indicative mood)

  表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。

  There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

  Yantai is famous for its apples.烟台以产苹果闻名。

  2. 祈使语气(imperative mood)

  表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。

  Bring along your exercise books tomorrow.明天把练习本带来。

  Make yourself at home.请自便,不要客气。

  Don't move! 不许动!

  Don't be late.不要迟到。

  Be quiet! 请安静!

  3. 虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood)

  虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。

  If I were not so busy,I would go with you.

  假如我不太忙,我会和你一起去。(表示假设)

  I wish Timmy were here. He would know how to fix the machine.

  Timmy 在这儿就好了,他会知道怎样把机器修好的。(表示愿望)

  He suggests that we should all go to see the film.

  他建议我们都去看电影。(表示建议)

  二、虚拟语气的用法及动词的形式

  1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:

  


  从句:If 主语 + 过去时 ( Be动词用were )

  主句:主语 + should/would/could/might + do ( 动词原形 )

  1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.

  如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)

  2. If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.

  如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)

  3. If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.

  


  如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)

  4. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.

  如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没有带钱)

  5. If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.

  如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力)

  6. If I were you, I'd wear a shirt and tie.(事实:我并不是你)

  如果我是你,我就会穿衬衫和领带。

  2、表示与过去事实相反的情况

  从句:If 主语 + had done (过去完成时)

  主句:主语 + should/would/could/might + have done(现在完成时)

  1. If I had got there earlier, I should have met her.

  如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。   (事实:去晚了)

  2. If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

  如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)

  3、表示对将来情况的主观推测

  从句: if + 主语 + did(动词过去式)/ were

  主句:主语 + should/would/could/might + do (动词原形)

  1. If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.

  如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)

  2. If you dropped the glass,it would break.

  你如将杯子掉下来,它就会打碎的。

  3. What Would happen if I put the paper on the fire? -It Would bum.

  我若把纸放在火上会怎么样?--纸就会烧着。

  4. If it were Sunday tomorrow,my brother would go skating at the

  Beihai Park.

  如果明天是星期天,我弟弟会去北海公园滑冰的。

  [注]

  在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中

  从句:

  ① if + 主语 + were to do (动词原形)

  ② if + 主语 + should/would/could/might + do

  主句:主语 + should/would/could/might + do (动词原形)

  1. If you were to come tomorrow,I might have time to see you.

  你如果明天来的话,我或许会有时间见你。

  2. If I were to see her tomorrow,I would tell her about your decisions.

  我明天如见到她,就把你的决定告诉她。

  3.If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.

  如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

  (事实:来的可能性很小)

  4. If it should rain tomorrow,what would we do ?

  明天万一下雨,我们怎么办 ?

  5. If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.

  如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。

  (事实:来的可能性很小)

  语气 (mood)

  语气(mood)语气是一种动词形式,表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

  1.直陈语气 (indicative mood)

  2. 祈使语气 (imperative mood)

  3. 虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood)

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