作者：lijiapu 文章来源：互联网 发布时间：2013-01-16 查看：
2013年职称英语-基础班
英语基础知识
主讲人：高苗
(1) 人称代词 Personal Pronoun
表示"你"、"他"、"你们"、"他们"等的词
人称代词的用法
1)主格——作主语
I am a cooker.(炊事员) — We are cookers，
You are a teacher. (教师 ) — You are teachers.
He is a barber.(理发员) — They are barbers.
She is a nurse.(护士) — They are nurses.
It is a cart.(卡车) — They are carts.
2)宾格——作宾语
a)作及物动词的宾语
The dog bit him . 那只狗咬了他。
This is my new hat. Do you like it ?
这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?
b)作介词的宾语
My brother often writes to me . 我弟弟常给我写信。
They took good care of us . 他们无微不至地照料我们。
注意：
1. 作表语时，在口语中多用宾格
Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me . 谁在敲门?是我。
2. 但在强调句型中却多用主格
It is she who wants it. 是她想要这个东西。
3. 报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (用our代替my)
In our opinion this is the best film of the year.
我们认为这是今年最好的影片。
4. It有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)
The child smiled when it saw its mother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。
5. They可用来代替一般的人，特别在"they say"中
They say there's going to be another good harvest this year.
人们说今年又是个丰收年。
物主代词的用法
1)形容词性物主代词——作定语(表示谁的xxx)
There are many good teachers in our school.
我们学校有许多好老师。
I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title wasThe Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn.
我上星期六看了一个电影，名叫《暮光之城4：破晓》。
2)名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语
a)用作主语：
Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second
我们的房间在一层，他们的在二层。
b)用作宾语：
I didn't borrow her dictionary. I borrowed his.
我没有借她的字典，我借的是他的。
c)用作表语：
Whose pencil is this?-It is hers.这是谁的铅笔?--是她的。
These tools are ours.这些工具是我们的。
(3) 自身代词 — self-pronoun—反身代词
表示反射(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身)或强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气)的代词。
自身代词的用法
1)作宾语 (表示动作回到动作执行者的本身)
The girl is too young to look after herself.
这女孩太小，还不能照顾自己。(作look after的宾语)
He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself.
他总是帮助别人，从不想到自己。 (作thought of的宾语)
2)作表语 (表示动作回到动作执行者的本身)
That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
3)作主语或宾语的同位语
(用来加强名词或代词的语气，作"亲自"、"本人"解)
He himself was a doctor. 他本人就是一个大夫。
The desk itself is not so heavy.书桌本身并不重。
You had better ask the president himself about it.
你最好问校长本人。
(4)相互代词 Reciprocal pronoun
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词
相互代词的用法
1)作宾语 如：
We are all eager to learn from each other(one another). 我们都乐于向彼此学习。
Do you often see one another? 你们彼此常见面吗?
New and old students learn from each other.
新老同学相互学习。
John and Tom helped each other. 约翰和汤姆相互帮助
2)作定语时须用所有格 如：
We are interested in one another's work.
我们关心彼此的工作。
The students corrected each other's mistakes in their homework.
学生相互改作业中的错误。
(5) 指示代词 Demonstrative Pronoun
表示"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词
指示代词的作用
1)作主语
That (This) is what I want to emphasize. 那就是我想强调的。
This is a plane，这是一架飞机。
2)作宾语
We should always keep these in mind.
我们应当经常记住这几点。
3)作表语
My idea is this. 我的意思是这样的。
Oh，it's not that. 噢，问题不在那儿。
4)作定语
For these (those) reasons we’ve decided to cancel the trip.
由于这些原因我们决定取消这次旅行。
This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.
这是一本关于中医的书。
(6) 疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun
用来构成疑问句
疑问代词的作用
1)Who通常作主语
Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?
明天谁来跟我们讲话? (who作主语)
2)Whom作宾语
Whom do you wish to speak to? 你找谁接电话?
Whom are you talking about ? 你们在说谁?
(whom作宾语，但在句首时口语常用who代替whom)
3)what,whose,which可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语
a)主语
What happened next? 后来怎么样了呢?
Whose is better? 谁的好一些?
Which is yours? 哪个是你的?
b)表语
What’s your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
Whose is it? 这是谁的?
They are so alike, I can’t tell which is which .
他们是那样相像，我都分不出谁是谁了。
c)宾语
What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
Whose are you going to borrow? 你准备借谁的?
Which do you prefer? 你愿意要哪一个?
d)定语
What time shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再碰头?
Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞?
Which train will you take? 你搭哪一班火车?
4)疑问代词who, whom, what, which后面加单词ever，可强调语气，表达说话人的各种感情。
Whatever do you want? 你到底想要什么?
Whoever is she looking for ? 她究竟是在找谁?
(7) 关系代词 Relative Pronoun
是用来引导定语从句的
它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语或表语;另一方面它们又代表主句中被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。
(这样的名词和代词叫做先行词)
关系代词的用法
1)who和whom代表人，在从句中作主语时用who ，作宾语时用whom
The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先生谈话的那个人是个眼科专家。(who作主语，先行词man)
He is the engineer whom you have been looking for.
他就是你要找的那位工程师。(whom作宾语，先行词engineer)
2)whose代表“某个人的”，在从句中作定语
Do you know anyone whose family is in Beijing?
你认不认识家在北京的人?(whose作定语，先行词anyone)
3)which代表事物，在从句中可以做主语或宾语
He told a story which moved us deeply.
他讲了一个故事使我们深受感动。(which在从句中作主语,先行词 story)
The film which I saw last night is about a young killer.
我昨晚看的那部电影说的是一个年轻杀手的事。
(which在从句中用作宾语，先行词film)
4)that代表事物的时候更多一些，也可以代表人，在从句中可以作主语或宾语
This is the plane that (which) will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.
这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。
(that在从句中用作主语，先行词为plane)
Have you met the person that (whom) he was speaking about ? 他讲的那个人你见到过吗?
(that在从句中用作宾语，先行词为person)
(8) 不定代词 Indefinite Pronoun
不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词
不定代词的用法
大都可代替名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语
1)用作主语
Both of them are waiters. 他们俩人都是男侍者。
Is everybody here? 人都到了吗?
2)用作宾语
I know little about the novel. 关于这本小说我知道的很少。
I am speaking for myself，not for others.
我只代表自己，不代表别人发言。
3)用作表语
That's all for today. class is dismissed. 今天就讲这一些。现在下课。
This book is too much for me. 这本书对我说太难了。
4)用作定语
Study well and make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。
China will become a powerful modern country in another twenty years.
再过二十年中国将成为现代化强国。
注意：
1. some与any作定语时，可形容可数名词，也可形容不可数名词：
There are some scenic spots around the city. 城市附近有几处风景区。
Do you need any reference books? 你需要什么参考书吗?
Let’s get some fruit for the children. 给孩子们买点水果吧。
We haven’t had any rain for days. 好些日子没下雨了。
2. some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句：
3. 复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时，形容词须放在它们的后面。
There is nothing wrong with the car. 这个车床没有毛病。
Is there anything important in today's newspaper? 今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗?
I need somebody strong to help me. 我需要一个体格强壮的人帮助我。
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