作者：lijiapu 文章来源：互联网 发布时间：2013-01-16 查看：
16种时态 — 进行时(Continuous Tense) (4种)
1. 现在进行时
2. 过去进行时
3. 将来进行时
4. 过去将来进行时
16种时态 — 进行时
5.现在进行时
表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作(它并不表明这一动作从什么时候开始，到什么时候结束)
am/is/are + doing (动词现在分词)
What are you thinking about? 你在想什么?
She is drawing a map. 她在画一张地图。
Are they listening to the music?
-NO，they are listening to the radio. 他们在听音乐吗? --不，他们在听收音机。
16种时态 — 进行时
6.过去进行时
表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作;
或在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作;
was/were + doing (动词现在分词)
What were you talking about just now? 你们刚才在谈什么?
When Walter arrived home，his sister was doing her homework.
沃尔特到家时，他妹妹正在做作业。
She was reading an English magazine when I came in. 我进来时她在看一本英文杂志。
We were cleaning the road from 7 to 9 last night. 昨晚七点到九点我们在清扫道路。
16种时态 — 进行时
7.将来进行时
将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作;
shall/will + be + doing (动词现在分词)
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou.
明天这个时候我将在飞往广州的途中。
What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning?
明天上午八点钟你将做什么?
16种时态 — 进行时
8.过去将来进行时
在对过去某一时间而言的将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作;
should/would + be + doing (动词现在分词)
He asked me what I should be doing at ten the next day.
他问我第二天十点钟我将干什么。
They said that they would be expecting us the next week.
他们说他们下个星期等我们去。
16种时态 — 完成时 ( Perfect Tense) (4种)
1. 现在完成时
2. 过去完成时
3. 将来完成时
4. 过去将来完成时
16种时态 — 完成时
9.现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有关系，
即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。
have/has + done (动词过去分词)
We have set up many new factories in this area.我们在这个地区建立了许多新工厂。
She has read all these books. 她把这些书都读完了。
Have you ever seen the play The Doll's House? 你看过话剧《傀儡家庭》吗?
Yes，I have seen it twice. 我看过两遍了。
注：现在完成时还可表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。这时常和since所引导的短语或从句或for引导的短语连用(for有时可以省去)。
How long have you been in Beijing ?
-I have been in Beijing for four years.
你在北京呆了多久?
--我在北京呆了四年。
Isaac's father has been a school teacher since 1968.
艾萨克的父亲从一九六八年以来就当教师。
We haven't had a vacation for a long time.我们好久没放假了。
Three years have passed since we left school.我们毕业已经三年了。
16种时态 — 完成时
10.过去完成时
在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。
简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间就是"过去的过去"。
had + done (动词过去分词)
By the end of June, they had treated 30,000 patients.
到六月底为止他们已经治疗了三万个病人。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.
我们到剧场时戏已经开演了。
I didn't go to the film because I had seen it twice.
我没去看电影，因为这片子我已看过两次了。
16种时态 — 完成时
11.将来完成时
在将来某一时间之前所完成的动作
shall/will + have + done (动词过去分词)
By the end of this week， I shall have finished the book.
到本周末，我将读完这本书。
By this time tomorrow they will have repaired the machine.
明天这时候，他们将修好这台机器。
By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.
到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。
16种时态 — 完成时
12.过去将来完成时
在过去将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作
should/would + have + done (动词过去分词)
He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the week.
他说将在周末前还我钱。
We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four o'clock.
我们告诉他我们将于四点前回营地。
I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.
我希望她在我回来之前做完那活儿。
16种时态 — 完成进行时 ( Perfect Continuous Tense) (4种)
1. 现在完成进行时
2. 过去完成进行时
3. 将来完成进行时
4. 过去将来完成进行时
16种时态 — 完成进行时
13.现在完成进行时
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。
现在这个动作可能已经终止，也可能仍然在进行着。
have + been +doing (动词现在分词)
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我等了你两个小刊(动作不再延续下去)
It has been raining for three hours. 雨已经下了三小时了。(动作可能延续)
He has been working on the paper all day.
他整天都在写论文(动作是否延续下去，由上下文决定。)
16种时态 — 完成进行时
14.过去完成进行时
表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间，
这一动作可能还在进行，也可能已经停止。
had + been +doing (动词现在分词)
He told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.
他对我说他等了我两小时。(动作不再延续)
The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in.
妈妈进来时，婴儿一直哭了十五分钟。(动作可能还在进行)
It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.
她似乎觉得这些男孩一直叫喊了很久。(动作可能还在进行)
16种时态 — 完成进行时 ( Perfect Continuous Tense) (4种)
1. 现在完成进行时
2. 过去完成进行时
3. 将来完成进行时
4. 过去将来完成进行时
时态(Tense)
时态(Tense)
语态 ——主动语态&被动语态
一、定义与区别
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
主动语态和被动语态的区别
在语法结构上，主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于：
主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语，然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法;(do, did)
而被动语态则使用系词be+动词的过去分词作为谓语，
各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词be上。(am/is/are, was/were)
1. 主动语态：The snowslide killed him. 雪崩害死了他。
被动语态：He was killed by the snowslide. 他死于雪崩。
2. 主动语态：We use electricity to run machines.
我们用电力来开动机器。
被动语态：Electricity is used to run machines.
电力被我们用来开动机器。
3. 主动语态：Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
被动语态：The telephone was invented by Bell in1876.
电话是贝尔于1876年发明的。
二、 被动语态的构成
被动语态由系动词be+done(及物动词过去分词)，时态通过be表现出来：
1. 一般现在时：
is / am / are + done(动词过去分词)
Knife is used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。
You’re wanted on the phone. 有人给你打电话。
I’m often asked to do this work. 我常常被派做这项工作。
2. 一般过去时：
was / were +done (动词过去分词)
A new school was built here last year.
去年这儿建了一所新学校。
These electronic computers were made in Shanghai.
这些电子计算机是上海制造的。
When was the building completed?
这座大楼是什么时候建成的?
3. 一般将来时：
will/shall+ be + done (动词过去分词)
Many more trees will be planted next year.
明年将会种植更多树木。
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you.
不会让你带这么多行李。
What tools will be needed in the work?
工作中需要什么工具?们将每天在这工厂工作。
4. 现在进行时：
am / is / are + being + done (动词过去分词)
A new railway is being built.
一条新铁路正在修建。
The machine is being repaired in the factory.
机器正在工厂维修。
Tom is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
5.过去进行时：
Was/were + being + done (动词过去分词)
The case was being investigated. 这案件那时正在调查。
The roads were being widened. 路那时正在加宽。
6. 现在完成时：
has / have + been + done (动词过去分词)
The aircraft has been redesigned. 这飞机已经重新设计。
The novel has been translated into many languages.
这本小说已被译成多种文字。
7. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：
情态动词+ be + done (动词过去分词)
Young trees must be watered often.
小树一定要经常浇水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
你的错误必须马上改正。
The door may be locked inside.
门好像是被反锁了。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
你们的作业可以明天上交。
8. 不定式的被动语态：
to + be + done (动词过去分词)
There are two books to be read.
有2本书要读。
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
有二十几课树要种。
三、被动语态的使用
(1)我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁：
Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。
When will the road be opened to traffic? 这条路什么时候通车?
(2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心：
The song was composed by a farmer. 这首歌曲是一位农民谱写的。
The model was designed by ourselves. 这个模型是我们自己设计的。
(3)出于礼貌措词等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁：
You are requested to give a performance.
请你给我们表演一个节目。
It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.
这样做一般认为是不妥当的。
主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
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